Men were placed in these spheres of hierarchy and women were placed in spheres set forth by men. Bressler defines patriarchy as, “A societal or social organization in which men hold a disproportionate amount of power where men define what it means to be human, including what it means to be female” (149). There is also a sense of patriarchy in Berger’s words, “If a woman makes a good joke this is an example of how she treats the joker” he goes on to say, “Only a man can make a good joke for its own sake” (47). Women even viewed themselves as objects, Berger explains, “Thus she turns herself into an object – and most particularly an object of vision: a sight” which in return made men look at them as objects (47). Berger states, “Men survey women before treating them” meaning that how women portray themselves is how men will treat them (46). During the time of these images and paintings that are shown in chapters two and three show men surveying women as objects. I don’t believe that Berger is trying to degrade women by any means however, women were viewed as objects rather than humans in a men’s perspective. My initial thought of feminist theory stems from Berger’s idea, “She has to survey everything she is and everything she does because how she appears to others, and ultimately how she appears to men” (46).ĭescribed by Bressler, feminist theory focuses on changing a society that is controlled by men and change the degrading view of women (144). Currently, I am studying literary criticisms and feminist theory is evident in Berger’s work. This is the second week of studying visual rhetoric and referring back to feminism. Reading through chapter three and viewing the images, I began to refer to feminist theory. Both the surveyor and the surveyed being a woman. “We learned from him to see that basic assumptions about everything-work, play, art, commerce-are hidden in the surrounding culture of images.In John Berger’s Ways of Seeing, he discusses the surveyor and the surveyed in the use of paintings. “In contemporary English letters he seems to me peerless.” - Susan Sontag “Over the past sixty years, the great John Berger - art critic, essayist, screenwriter, novelist, poet, and artist - has made immeasurable contributions to our understanding of culture and politics, never more potently than in Ways of Seeing.” – The Village Voice He is a liberator of images: and once we have allowed the paintings to work on us directly, we are in a much better position to make a meaningful evaluation.” -Peter Fuller, Arts Review
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“Berger has the ability to cut right through the mystification of the professional art critics. “…perhaps the most bold, clear, and widely renowned explanation of art’s entanglement with capitalism.” - The Paris Review It opened up for general attention to areas of cultural study that are now commonplace.” -Geoff Dyer
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“The influence of the series and the book. “Berger fulfils the roles of a philosopher, listener, and somewhat of a magician as he makes tantalising worlds appear, and illusions vanish.” - Pratibha Rai, Oxford Culture Review “It’s a book about art history and the media, but it’s also a magic trick.” - The New Republic
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